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Nearly a thousand years after nutmeg, mace, and cloves first appeared in the West, neither Europeans nor Muslims have any clue of their origins. In the 10th century, the Arab historian Ibn Khurdadhbih still listed cloves and nutmeg in the list of Indian products, just 6,500 kilometers off. Marco Polo, Ibn Battuta, and the Chinese (who probably gave a lot of information to the two travelers about the spice trade) all claim that these spices come from Java. This conjecture is closer to the answer: the Spice Islands are, in fact, 1,600 km east-northeast of Java. Yoga girl quiet the mind and the soul will speak poster. The two main maritime routes, via the Red Sea and Persian Gulf, from India and Molucca to Baghdad and Alexandria, are controlled by the Islamic states Umayyad and Abbasid. Abbasid controlled the Middle East until around 910; before, a safer bay crossing called the Sinbad Road was particularly popular, but then the Fatimids and Egyptian Mamluks came to power making the Red Sea the main route for spices from India. and Molucca.
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